lawmaking process in the parliament

lawmaking process in the parliament DESCRIBE THE PHASES OF THE LAWMAKING PROCESS IN THE PARLIAMENT. IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES CAN PROPOSED LEGISLATION GO FOR ROYAL ASSENT WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS? The Parliament of England as one of the main pillars of a constitutional democracy plays a vital role in governing the country by lawmaking, the process which divides into number of stages. These stages which comprise the first reading, the second reading, the Committee Stage, the Report stage, the third reading, the approval of the House of Lords and the Royal Assent will be main focus of this essay. In addition, the essay will concern rather exceptional situations when proposed legislation might go for Royal Assent without, otherwise necessary, approval of the House of Lords. The Parliament of England stems from royal council which was established by William the Conqueror in 11th century and had further developed in 13th century with issuance of Magna Carta as a result of struggle for limit of the power of the English monarchy and thus is crucial for separation of powers an important thrust of the constitutional monarchy. Over the centuries, the Parliament has evolved into the highest source of law in the UK. The concept of Parliamentary Supremacy was introduced by English constitutional theorist Albert Dicey at the end of 19th century. The modern Parliament consists of three elements, the House of Commons, the House of Lords; and the monarch each of which has its own function in lawmaking process. Members of the House of Commons debate the issues of the proposals for new laws while members of the House of Lords are responsible for making laws and investigating political issues. The lawmaking process is a complex procedure which starts with pre-parliamentary process by identification of policy objective which included in a Green paper, a document that puts forward the proposals on which the parties give their opinions and views. The Green Paper is followed by a White paper which consists of the reform plans. Further, a Bill must be given tree readings in both in the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The procedure can be commenced in either House and it starts with the first reading which is purely a formal procedure when the title of the proposed Bill is prepared, read out and followed by an order to be printed. Next step is the second reading which usually takes place no sooner than two weekends after first reading. It is the main point in the process and during this phase main provisions of the Bill are discussed. At this stage the proposals may be amended and it is up to the members to decide whether the legislation should proceed and they do it by exercising their voting rights. Once second reading is complete, the Bill goes to the Committee Stage which usually starts within a couple of weeks after a Bills second reading. At this stage the detailed examination, clause by clause, takes place. A chairman of standing committee, whose job is to consider the provisions, also has the power to amend it. When the committee stage is finished the Bill returns back to the House of Commons for its report stage where it can be debated and further amendments proposed. At this point, the standing committee reports the Bill back to the House to give the members an opportunity to make proposals for change to a Bill which has been examined during the previous stage. The members can suggest the amendments or the new clauses to the Bill and all the changes are voted upon. The report stage is immediately followed by the third reading which is the last chance to the members to vote on the contents of the Bill. During this stage the it is re-prese nted the House, where short debates may take place and a vote whether to accept or reject the legislation, but the questions relating to the general principles cannot be raised. When a Bill has passed through third reading in both Houses it is returned to the House where it started for the second Houses proposals for change to be considered. Both Houses must agree on the exact wording of the Bill. If one House refuses to make the changes proposed by the other the Bill might be re-introduced, but as Bills should be complete within one particular parliamentary Session, failure to reach the agreement might lead to the loss of the Bill. As legislation needs to be approved by both Houses we can seen that the House of Lords plays a vital role in lawmaking process. However, there are some exceptions when the two Houses cannot reach agreement, the Bill falls and the Commons use the Parliament Acts to pass the Bill without the consent of Lords. The Parliament Act of 1911 removed the House of Lords power to veto a Bill. Act also retained the House of Lords power to block any attempt to prolong the lifetime of a Parliament. The Parliament Act of 1911 limited the power of the Lords to delay the Bill more than for two years. The Parliament Act of 1949 reduced the Lords power to delay to one year, but the Parliament Act 1949 itself was introduced through the use of the Parliament Act of 1911. Though these procedures are used rarely as the House of Lords usually approve the legislature of the House of Commons, four substantive acts have been passed into law without the approval of the House of Lords, for example the controversial Hunting Act 2004, which was introduced to prohibit the hunting of mammals with dogs and was designed to outlaw the fox-hunti ng. It was passed despite the House of Lords opposition relying on the Parliament Act 1949. Another three acts passed without the consent of the Lords are The War Crimes Act 1991, The European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999, The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000. Since 1949 a Money Bill containing only financial provisions can be enacted without the House of Lords consent after the delay of one month. The last stage in the lawmaking process is the Royal Assent it is required before any Bill becomes a law.

From Discussions and Material Presented Essay

From discussions and material presented during lectures, write an essay to demonstrate your theoretical understanding and practical application of Marketing. Each student is to select one of the essay topics below and write an essay of 1500 words, to be submitted in Week 5. The essay must be referenced with relevant up-to-date sources. Choose one of the topics mentioned below: 1. Segmentation, targeting and positioning are interrelated activities which are important to achieving a successful Marketing Mix. Discuss these concepts in theory and give practical examples of how they can be applied to one industry of your choice. Examples of an industry you might choose: fashion for men, or personal care products (shampoo, shavers etc), or pet products, or toys, or vehicles, or furniture, or fashion for women, or financial services, or beverages, or baby products, or snack foods or another industry. 2. Marketing is all about delighting the customers. Discuss the theory and then give practical, real examples of how various products or services are delighting their customers today. Also provide your own ideas of how these products or services could further improve in the future. 3. Discuss the concept of perceived value and its importance to consumer behaviour and marketing. Discuss the theory and then give practical examples of how customers perceive various brands and how this impacts on their behaviour. 4. Good market research and environmental scanning forms the basis of success for other related marketing activities. Discuss the theory and then give practical examples of what types of market research and environmental scanning a company like Domino’s Pizza should do and explain why. . Why is it important to do market research and adjust the marketing mix when entering into a foreign market? Explain the theory and then give practical examples of how some companies have already adjusted their marketing mix in foreign markets. Also, explain what advice you would give the marketing team of â€Å"Vegemite† – if they wanted to launch this pr oduct in a foreign market such as South Africa (or a market of your choice), where people do not know the product/brand.

Alarming Info Regarding Caring for Elderly Essay Unveiled

Alarming Info Regarding Caring for Elderly Essay Unveiled The Basic Principles of Caring for Elderly Essay You Can Learn From Starting Right Away Local nursing homes are, obviously, a fantastic place forthe elderly individuals who do not have any family members and must live their last days alone. Comparable to baby proofing a house for a toddler, there are mandatory things you have to also do as a way to continue to keep your elderly safe at home. You should respect an elderly requirements and wants, since they don't have a lot of time left to live. Many people don't wish to deal with the elderly especially when they're ill since they generally have a lot of emotional and physical problems required plenty of care. The body of an elderly needs a terrific quantity of attention. Elderly individuals need somebody who has love for them, to acquire appropriate care. If you need assistance, make sure that the individual you get to aid you is someone the elderly person is comfortable with. In some cases, the elderly person might be able to reside in her or his own home, and could be strong enough not to require specialized attention and attention. The toughest part is to organize their social life and making sure they aren't lonely. These little steps will merely help enhance the life-expectancy of people and provide the nation's medical tourism a boost. Providing a walk-in shower together with hand grips on the wall is one particular approach to lessen the chance of injury. With appropriate aid, you can continue to aid in your grandparent's care as you still have some semblance of the life an individual in her or his teens or 20s should have. The old age is an essential part of human life. That old age isn't worth living. You're also at an age at which you ought to be socially active. People with heart failure has to be screened for indications of depression and. You should also be in possession of a routine schedule for the family. Distinct Names For Death Syptoms Of A Stroke While, based on the precise nature and location of the tear, it may not result in any symptoms, it is a known source of stroke, he explained. The program is targeted at people who are 60 decades old and older. To put it differently, the function of a caregiver can be quite demanding and stressful. Caring goes beyond caring for relatives and friends. Caring is when you do a great deed for someone, because it's the best thing to do. Caring is a great trait to get. Order top-notch essay at the moment and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at fair price. Fourthly, home health care is related to an advanced degree of private dignity and independence. Dear student, Such questions are created for improving the self creative abilities and ought to be tried answering all on your own. Setting up community centers to take care of the elderly in familiar surroundings ought to be considered. If your elderly family member is starting to eliminate mobility or the capacity to live independently, it might be time to consider care choices. Generally, the price of in-home eldercare is dependent on the sort of services the individual requires and the amount of hours each caregiver spends with them. It's evident that elderly care requires a wide variety of forms, which range from personal care like feeding and dressing, to medical attention. Based on how much of every day help your aging parent requirements, th ey may call for constant supervision or only a lot of help with day-to-day. On the flip side, home health care provides individualized care services to the elderly persons since it is personalized. If you are only prone to create a typical site then either Linux or Home home windows will likely be fine. It is thought that home setting provides the elderly with opportunities to stay in the community and engage in their everyday activities without hindrance. A great deal of beginners and seniors need only a little standard info to receive them going so that they can delight in using Facebook and find the most of of it. Privacy is extremely important. Respect, privacy, and superior assistances may be used within this line of work. People today wish to remain at home.

The Case Of Mills V. Rogers Essay - 956 Words

The case of Mills v. Rogers has a significant importance in virtue of the human, civil and constitutional rights of the patients who are hospitalized at mental institutions. Despite the fact whether the patient was there voluntarily or contrary, Rogers believed that the institutions should respect the patient’s decision when it involved antipsychotic drug treatments. Rubie Rogers was a 36-year old black woman who voluntarily institutionalized herself at the Boston State Hospital (BSH). Rogers suffered from hallucinations along with delusions and acquired a history of thought disorder such as violent behavior. Before Mills v. Rogers, a prior lawsuit was filed. It is essential to have knowledge of the previous case which was Rogers v. Okin. Rogers became distressed with the forcible consumption of Haldol, an antipsychotic medication, causing to set herself on fire in order to be transferred to a medical hospital. On April 27, 1975, Rogers, along with six other patients who were also medicated against their will, initiated lawsuit. The lawsuit was filed against officials and staff of the May and Austin Units of the BSH. Plaintiffs were all present or were previous mental patients and were all administered with drugs forcefully. In this case, the Plaintiff prevailed. Shortly after in 1982, Mills v. Rogers was filed with the Federal District Court. Respondents brought a class action case against petitioners alleging that it is against the Federal Constitution to force a patientShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Mills V. Rogers1458 Words   |  6 PagesFacts of Case The case of Mills v. Rogers has a significant importance in virtue of the human, civil and constitutional rights of the patients who are hospitalized at mental institutions. 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